A study on Rain Water Harvesting at Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology Main Campus, Gunupur, Odisha
Abstract
India is agriculture based country. Most of the people of India depend on agriculture for their live hood. Water is highly essential for agriculture apart from day to day use. Now fresh water is going to be scarcity because of water of lakes, rivers, ponds and lakes are polluted and even today some of the water bodies are not suitable for human use. Therefore, present day demands the conservation of fresh water and adaptation of rain water harvesting. Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Gunupur is a premier institute of south Odisha and the buildings are designed not only for good ambiences but also to catch the rain water. In this present work we have studied the catchment area of buildings, hydrological potential and runoff coefficient of Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Gunupur for the year 2015. The rain water harvesting potential (RWHP) of the buildings was found to 21039.63 m2 .The study revealed that buildings of GIET campus are a potential source of rain water harvesting in this locality.
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Introduction
Water covers more than 70% of earth surface out of which only 2% are fresh water [1]. Fresh water is necessary for day to day activity of human, industries and agriculture. As human population increases tremendously the demand on fresh water is also increasing rapidly. A survey report indicate that in India the per capita average annual fresh water available has been reduced from 5177 m3 to 1820 m3 in between 1951 to 2001 [2]. It is also estimated that the fresh water will be reduced to 1341 m3 in 2025 [3]. Now though people prefer for use of ground water but indoctrinate pumping of ground water lower the water table abnormally [4]. The scarcity of water becomes a serious problem in future due to change of global climate. Thus, the situation demands attention of human to find out the solution of this problem otherwise it may arise as a serious issue for our future generation. Rain is a natural source of fresh water and it is considered as almost pure [5, 6]. Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology is established at Gunupur, Odisha. Gunupur is situated in southern part of Odisha in the foot hill of Eastern Ghat and bank of Bansadhara River. The river is source of water for inhabitant of Gunupur but unfortunately the river dried up during summer. The local people are mostly farmers and they depend on cultivation of various crops. It is therefore an urgent need to find out a way for water resource management in this area for sustain utilization of natural water. Rain water harvesting is an important area of water management and is refers to direct collection of rain water from roof top or earth surface without allows them to pass as the surface runoff on the land. In this study we have studied the rain water harvesting capacity of roof top of buildings of GIET campus and their potential for use as a source of rain water harvesting. Further it is also proposed that the process can be implemented to the other buildings of Gunupur area for effective water resource management.
Conclusion
The campus area of Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Gunupur is 72 acre. The average annual rainfall of the campus is 19.0925 mm. Total catchment areas are 7488.136 m2 . Total amount of rainfall was 1429.11 mm for the year 2015. Total potential of roof rain water harvesting in campus area of Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology is 21039.6 litre. In this paper we conclude that Rain water harvesting in GIET campus is a good potential for rain water conservation and by implementing rain water harvesting project in the GIET campus runoff water conservation can be made and that can be meet the present water scarcity situation of this location. We propose the roof top harvesting technique at Gunupur to meet the water deficit of this locality.