Analysis of Global Trade Competition Pattern of New Energy Vehicles and Fuel Vehicles based on Multi-Layer Network
Abstract
Use the 2023 global trade export data of new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles to build a multi-layer network of global new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles (including inter-country trade relationship networks and competition relationships networks), and use this network model to analyze new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles The market competition landscape at the trade level is analyzed, and the application of multi-level exponential random graph model (ERGM) in this field is discussed. The results show that the global trade network of new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles shows an obvious center-periphery structure. Some countries have significantly maintained import relationships with multiple countries in the auto trade, and some countries have shown that they are interested in multiple countries. The propensity of a country to engage in export trade. Further ternary structure analysis revealed the existence of stratification in the trade patterns between new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles. In addition, the network structure analysis of competitive relationships shows that there are direct trade competition relationships between only a few countries, which means that only a few countries play the role of key industrial countries in the automotive trade field.
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Introduction
Automobile trade is an important part of international trade, and its development trend not only reflects the global economic dynamics, but also indicates the direction of technological innovation and industrial development[1]. Its background can be traced back to the early 20th century, with the rapid development of the automobile industry, international trade has gradually risen. The purpose of automobile trade is to optimize the allocation of resources, meet the market demand for automobiles and related products through trade between different countries, and promote the growth of the global economy. With the acceleration of globalization, automobile trade not only promotes the transfer and innovation of technology, but also promotes the progress of production technology and the reconstruction of industrial chain [2][3]. According to their comparative advantages, countries have formed a pattern of division of labor and cooperation in the fields of automobile manufacturing, parts production and design. In addition, the automotive trade is closely related to changes in international policies, environmental regulations and market demand[4].
In recent years, with the enhancement of consumer awareness of environmental protection and the emphasis of policies on sustainable development, the trade volume of new energy vehicles has been rising, at the same time, the market of traditional fuel vehicles still maintains a certain demand, which reflects the transformation of the market structure and the change of consumer preferences. This not only reflects the diversity of market demand, but also promotes cooperation and competition among countries in the automobile trade[5]. At present, the research on automobile trade mainly includes two research directions: new energy automobile trade, which mainly focuses on the application of new technology and market expansion[6][7]; In the traditional fuel vehicle trade, relevant studies have discussed trade barriers, market share changes and so on[8]. Combining these two directions, this paper will discuss the current global trade competition pattern of new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles from the perspective of multi-layer networks.
Conclusion
This paper mainly studies the global trade competition pattern of new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles. To this end, this paper regards the automobile trade network as a multi-level network, including the new energy vehicle trade network, the fuel vehicle trade network, and the cross-category trade competition relationship network between different countries. In this multi-level network, a few countries play the role of key industrial countries in the field of new energy vehicles. These countries tend to have multiple export trade relationships, but are unlikely to become trade importers. This shows that industrial powers prefer domestic self-sufficiency rather than relying on external imports. In the field of fuel vehicles, these key countries often have multiple trade import relationships. When a country establishes a strong export network in the international market, other countries may feel competitive pressure and increase exports to other countries to prevent the loss of market share. Overall, the global automobile trade pattern is jointly shaped by the trade network of new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles and their competition pattern. These networks and competition patterns are affected by many factors, including the country's economic strength, geographical environment, market demand, etc. These factors work together to form the current global automobile trade pattern.
The multi-layer ERGM method used in this paper has certain shortcomings. The model cannot handle weighted relationships and time series data, but it is full of unlimited possibilities in future research, especially when multi-layer network models and data sets are applied to different industries or different fields of the same industry. In addition, this method has the possibility of further development. It can conduct a more in-depth comparative analysis of different trade industries, so as to more accurately understand the trade pattern in the global economy.
This analysis can be further extended to all links of automobile trade. Although we currently focus on automobile trade, this study can be extended to all links from Research and Development design to final use. By expanding the multi-layer dataset to cover all links of the automobile global value chain, we will be able to study the trade patterns of countries in more depth. In this way, the analysis will be more comprehensive and help reveal the trade dynamics and investment patterns of different countries in the automobile industry.