Applications of Vanillin Schiff Base ligands and their complexes: A Review
Abstract
Vanillin which is a naturally occurring food component found in plants is used for the manufacture of Schiff base chelates. The chelates and complexes find applications as anti mutagen, anticlastogen, DNA PK inhibitor, anticarcinogen, inhibitor of non-homogenous DNA end-joining (NHEJ) etc. They form complexes with a wide variety of metals including rare earths. They are incorporated in polymer matrix for various applications. This paper reviews the vanillin Schiff base chelates their complexes and their applications.
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Introduction
Schiff bases are a novel class of organic compounds synthesized by the condensation of primary amine and carbonyl compound1 , with structure R-N=CHR, containing azomethine (-CH=N-) group, where R is aliphatic or aromatic group.The Schiff bases of aliphatic aldehydes are relatively unstable and undergo polymerization 2-4 ,but that of aromatic aldehydes are stable5-8 . These Schiff bases can act as a ligand due to the lone pair of electrons on Nitrogen atom of the azomethine group.
Usually they are mono-dentate, but most of them act as bi-dentate due to the presence of another donor group in the molecule. These ligands are capable of forming very stable coordination compounds with wide applications 9-11. They are the basic unit of certain dyes, catalysts, improves the ageing resistance of natural rubber, can show toxicities against insects, and even possess antitumor activity.
The condensation of amines with aldehydes and ketones are used in the preparation of new compounds, identification, detection and estimation of aldehydes or ketones, purification of carbonyl or amino groups and protection of these groups during complex or sensitive reactions. In organic synthesis, these reactions are useful for making carbon-nitrogen bonds, some of the compounds are even used as liquid crystals. The Schiff bases may be mono, bi or even polydentate (rare) depending on the nature of amines and carbonyl compounds used.
Vanillin (3-methoxy-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde) 1, is a naturally occurring food component found in the vanilla plant. Vanillin is a food component having anti mutagen, anticlastogen, DNA PK inhibitor, anticarcinogen, inhibitor of non-homogenous DNA end-joining (NHEJ) etc.
Conclusion
Schiff bases of vanillin have been explored for various applications in microbial activity, antifungal, antibacterial, anti corrosive properties. The research in this area is incipient and of much clinical interest. Schiff base compounds have shown promising leads for the design of more efficient Schiff bases. The avenues are open in the areas of water purification and drug release in medicine.