Volume-8, Issue-6, June 2022

Abstract

This article deals with the effects of different structural arrangements inside a heat exchanger made of polypropylene tubes on the overall heat transfer coefficient. The experiments indicated that overall heat transfer coefficient k with stretched tubes was lower than the value observed when the tubes were slightly loosened. Tubes should not be loosened by more than 5 % of their length. If this value is exceeded, tubes may accumulate near the wall and their contact with water is insufficient; this results in reduced heat transfer. Equally important is to prevent tubes from attaching to each other. This may be achieved with a variety of turbulators. A turbulator may be any small object, metal or plastic, which is inserted among the tubes. Laboratory investigation indicated that turbulators can increase overall heat transfer coefficient by as much as 54 %compared to heat exchangers without turbulators, in identical operating conditions.

Keywords: Heat exchanger, atypical structure, polypropylene tube, turbulators.

References

Keywords: Heat exchanger, atypical structure, polypropylene tube, turbulators.

Abstract

The paper continues study of dipole-exchange spin waves in a two-dimensional magnonic crystal (a thin ferromagnetic film with a periodic system of circular antidots) started by the author in the previous paper. The proposed model considers the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction, the exchange interaction and the anisotropy effects. An improved method of obtaining the dispersion relation as well as the values’ spectra of the frequencies and wavenumbers for the investigated spin waves – the method based on using the Bloch-type solutions of the Landau-Lifshitz equation for the spin waves together with the Born–von Karman boundary conditions – is proposed. Exploitation of the above-mentioned method essentially extends the area of application of the obtained results compared to the previous paper. Newly obtained spectral characteristics are shown to exhibit crystal-type band structure with band gaps. The wave vector component that correspond to the wave propagating orthogonally to the film plane is shown to have narrow allowed bands, so its values' spectrum is near discrete.

Keywords: Magnetic dynamics, Spin wave, Dipole-exchange theory, Ferromagnetic antidot, Magnonic crystal.

References

Keywords: Magnetic dynamics, Spin wave, Dipole-exchange theory, Ferromagnetic antidot, Magnonic crystal.